THE RENVILLE AGREEMENT AND PKI REBELLION IN MADIUN AT 1948

The PKI rebellion in Madiun could not be separated from the fall of Amir Syarifuddin's cabinet in 1948. At that time, Amir Syarifuddin signed the Renville Agreement which turned out to be very detrimental to the outcome of the negotiations for Indonesia.

In the book, Killing Pits: The Adventures of the PKI in Madiun (1990) by Maksum, the following is the background of the PKI rebellion in Madiun:

One of the most important things that occurred in Madiun revolt because of the Renville Agreement. Where in the agreement Indonesia is very disadvantaged. The Dutch were considered to be the biggest beneficiaries and the Amir Cabinet fell. Lots of people and the government blamed Amir because at that time he was the representative of Indonesia.
With Amir's setback, President Sukarno ordered Vice President Mohammad Hatta to return to form a new cabinet. At that time, the Hatta Cabinet was composed without the participation of the socialists or the left.

At that moment, Amir came down from his cabinet and was replaced by Hatta's Cabinet. Disappointed, Amir and his cabinet formed the People's Democratic Front (FDR) on June 28, 1948.
At that time, Amir was part of the opposition party in Hatta's cabinet. The FDR is a group that unites communists and leftist socialists.


The Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) originated from a force of the People's Democratic Front. PKI is a party that fights for its vision and mission to establish a socialistic state in Indonesia according to what is stated in the party's statutes.

The formation of the FDR not only consists of a group of people who are members of the community, but also includes other parties, such as:
Indonesian Socialist Party
Indonesian Communist Party
Indonesian Socialist Youth
Indonesian Labor Party
Sarekat Plantation Workers of the Republic of Indonesia.

Several parties that were members of the FDR strengthened the actions taken by Amir Syarifuddin and his group to seize cabinet power in the government system that was currently running at that time. Muso and Amir declared the leadership under them. Muso and Amir shake the community's trust by inciting and making all groups hostile and suspicious of each other.

    Rakyat bersama TNI menangkapi para          pelaku pemberontakan PKI di Madiun.

The Hatta Cabinet carried out rationalization and reorganization in the war effort which contained:
Dissolution of the TNI leadership and the combined armed forces.
The staff of the general armed forces and their representatives are temporarily appointed
The commander of the car army was appointed by the president to be given to General Sudirman
The battle headquarters staff also carried out temporary appointments.

     Suasana interogasi oleh TNI terhadap           anggota PKI yang ditangkap.

This decision made Muso angry and rejected the rationalization. The PKI at that time was supported by two major political cadres, namely Masyumi and PNI.

     Eksekusi terbuka di hadapan rakyat               terhadap anggota PKI pelaku                         pemberontakan di Madiun.

The Renville Agreement then agreed to a ceasefire. The Netherlands also received additional territory.
In addition, Dutch sovereignty over Indonesia was recognized until the completion of the United States of Indonesia.

For Indonesia, the Renville Agreement only promised a referendum in Dutch-controlled areas in Java, Madura and Sumatra.

Citizens in the Dutch colonies were promised to choose to join the RIS or form their own country. Here is the contents of the Renville Agreement :
Immediate formation of the Republic of Indonesia (RIS),
Republic of Indonesia is a state in the RIS.
The Dutch still controlled all of Indonesia before the RIS was formed,
The only areas of Indonesia that were recognized by the Dutch were Central Java, Yogyakarta and Sumatra,
The territory of Indonesia and the Dutch was separated by a demarcation line called the Van Mook Line,
The Indonesian army was withdrawn from Dutch-controlled areas (West Java and East Java),
The Indonesian-Dutch Union will be formed with the head of the King of the Netherlands,
There will be a plebiscite or some kind of referendum (vote) to determine the fate of the territory in the RIS,
A general election will be held to form the RIS Constituent Assembly.

The Renville Agreement makes Indonesia's territory less and less. The Netherlands controls the areas that produce food and natural resources. In addition, Indonesian territory was confined by Dutch-controlled areas.
The Netherlands prevents the entry of food, clothing and weapons into Indonesian territory. Indonesia experienced an economic blockade applied by the Dutch.*  (nto/ist: Kreutzer, Rudi (1981), Poeze, H. A. (2008), Pinardi (1966))




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